English 103
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Mini-Lesson: Why and How to Cite

When you use someone else’s words, ideas, or research in your work, you need to give them credit. This is called citing. Citing helps your readers find your sources and shows you’re building on the work of others—not just copying it. Plus, it helps you avoid plagiarism.

  • When do you cite?
    • Quoting someone directly
    • Paraphrasing or summarizing ideas
    • Using facts, data, or images that aren’t common knowledge
  • What style do we use?
    For this course, we use APA style.

APA Citation Basics

In-text citation: (Smith, 2022)
Reference list entry: Smith, J. (2022). Digital Communication Trends. Cambridge University Press.

Common Mistakes

  • Forgetting the year in in-text citations
  • Mismatch between in-text citations and reference list
  • Incorrect order or punctuation

Tip: Use citation tools, but always double-check! When in doubt, cite it out.

Step 1: In-text Citation

Below is an incorrect in-text citation from a student’s draft. Correct it according to APA style and click Check Answer.

(smith cited in Brown 2020: 45)

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Great! Now correct the full reference below:
Step 2: Reference List Citation

Here is an incorrect reference list entry for the same source. Fix all the errors using APA style.

Brown, J. 2020. Learning Styles and University Success oxford university press.

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Step 3: Multiple Choice
Brown, J. (2020). Learning styles and university success. Oxford University Press.
In the citation above, what is Learning styles and university success.?
Step 4: Multiple Choice
Brown, J. (2020). Learning styles and university success. Oxford University Press.
In the citation above, what is Oxford University Press.?
Step 5: Multiple Choice
Smith, J. A., Brown, T. L., & Green, R. P. (2018). Social media habits among undergraduates. Journal of College Studies, 12(3), 155-178.
In the citation above, what does 12 refer to?